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Traditional veterinary restraint relied on physical force: scruffing cats, using choke chains, or "pinning" dogs. While effective in the short term, this approach causes , which leads to:

: There is a growing push for "scientist practitioners" who bridge the gap between rigorous behavior research and real-world clinical application to provide personalized care [2, 9]. zooskool wwwrarevideofreecom verified

: Veterinarians use these records of a species' normal behaviors to distinguish "natural" actions from "maladaptive" or atypical ones. using choke chains