The massive government stimulus packages and furlough schemes introduced globally in 2020-2021 align with Smith’s third duty. Smith recognized that the market could not sustain public infrastructure or social safety nets alone. He supported "public institutions" to facilitate commerce and protect the vulnerable, a fact often overlooked by rigid laissez-faire proponents.
: Many 2021 documents found online are critical summaries or reports, such as the one by the Global Ethical Finance Initiative which discusses the book's modern relevance. Regional Platforms : Croatian and regional academic platforms like adam smit bogatstvo narodapdf 2021